关于印发《民政部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计暂行规定》的通知
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关于印发《民政部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计暂行规定》的通知
民政部
关于印发《民政部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计暂行规定》的通知
1997年4月2日，民政部
部直属企业、事业单位：
《民政部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计暂行规定》已经民政部1997年3月10日部务会议通过，现予印发。请遵照执行。
民政部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计暂行规定
第一条 为了加强对国家资财的管理，并对单位主要领导任期内各项经济指标完成情况进行客观公正的评价，完善交接手续，根据《审计法》有关规定，并结合部直属企业事业单位实际情况，制定本规定。
第二条 主要领导是指企业事业单位的法定代表人、非法人企业事业单位的正职或负全面责任的副职。
第三条 部直属企业事业单位主要领导经济责任审计，由审计署驻民政部审计局（以下简称部审计局）负责，会同部人事教育司组织实施。具体实施由部审计局下达审计通知书，并直接派审计组或委托社会审计事务所进行审计。被审计单位主要领导要准备好有关资料，提供审计所必需的工作条件，并积极予以配合。
第四条 对主要领导进行经济责任审计的主要内容：
（一）检查其任职期间各项经济指标完成情况，评价经济效益及其与该任期经济效益相关的重大因素。
（二）检查其对国家财经法规、制度的执行情况。
（三）审核帐表凭证，检查其任职期间财务收支的合法性和盈亏效益的真实性。
（四）检查其任职期间国有资产的完整、保值、增值和管理情况。
（五）检查其任职期间内部管理制度的建立和执行情况。
（六）部领导和主管部门要求审计的其他事项。
第五条 经济责任审计的程序：
（一）凡部直属企业事业单位主要领导任期终结，按照干部管理权限，由部人事教育司在年初向部审计局提出“经济责任审计通知”，部审计局据此列入当年审计工作计划。由于其他原因在任期中调离需要进行经济责任审计时，部人事教育司应提前一个月向部审计局提出“经济责任审计通知”，部审计局列入补充审计计划。
（二）部审计局按计划向被审计单位发出“经济责任审计通知书”，并组织审计组，制定审计工作方案。
（三）被审计单位在接到“经济责任审计通知书”后，按通知要求准备有关材料，包括：
1．经上级主管部门批准的任期目标责任书或承包合同；
2．主要领导任期工作报告；
3．任期内各项经济指标完成情况的经济资料，包括各类有关报表、帐簿、凭证等财务和统计资料；
4．任期内各种协议、合同、承包书和内控制度等；
5．任期内审计事务所、会计事务所、财务大检查办公室等部门做出的审计报告或调查报告；
6．各种财产物资盘盈、盘亏表，债权、债务清查明细表；
7．其他有关资料。
（四）部审计局组成审计组进行就地审计或送达审计。审计任务过重，部审计局无力安排审计时，也可委托社会审计事务所进行审计。
（五）审计终了，审计组提出“经济责任审计报告”，对被审计人的工作业绩、经济责任和审计通知书中规定的其他内容实事求是地做出公正的评价。
（六）审计报告报部审计局的同时，送被审计人核对审计事实，并签署对审计报告的意见，10日内报送部审计局。
（七）部审计局根据“经济责任审计报告”，并参考被审计人提出的意见，做出“经济责任审计决定”，概括被审计人在任职期间内的主要成绩和问题以及应承担的经济责任、处理建议。
（八）“经济责任审计决定”和“经济责任审计报告”分别送部领导及人事教育司，抄送被审计人和所在单位。
（九）被审计人如对“经济责任审计决定”有异议，可在接到“经济责任审计决定”的10日内，向主管审计工作的部领导提出申诉。由部领导研究决定是否请上一级审计部门复审或驳回申诉。复审后，以复审决定为最后审计决定。
（十）“经济责任审计决定”和“经济责任审计报告”是考核干部的依据之一，由部审计局作为审计档案归档。
第六条 进行经济责任审计，需要充分掌握资料和深入进行调查取证，有关部门和单位应当密切配合，有内部审计机构的企业事业单位也要在内部审计工作中注意整理和积累有关资料。
第七条 各直属企业事业单位的附属二级单位主要领导的经济责任审计，可由直属企业事业单位的内审机构（人员）组织实施或委托社会审计机构组织实施。
第八条 本规定由部审计局负责解释。
第九条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
关于林业系统征免土地使用税问题的通知
国家税务局
关于林业系统征免土地使用税问题的通知
国家税务局
根据国务院《关于研究解决森工企业困难问题的会议纪要》精神，结合林业系统的实际情况，经研究，现对林业系统征免土地使用税的问题，通知如下：
一、对林区的有林地、运材道、防火道、防火设施用地，免征土地使用税。林业系统的森林公园、自然保护区，可比照公园免征土地使用税。
二、林业系统的林区贮木场、水运码头用地，原则上应按税法规定缴纳土地使用税，考虑到林业系统目前的困难，为扶持其发展，在1991年12月31日前，暂予免征土地使用税。
三、除上述列举免税的土地外，对林业系统的其他生产用地及办公、生活区用地，应照章征收土地使用税。
1991年11月1日
The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
